Apparatus and method for the mobile visual display and modification of bed management information and patient placement information

ABSTRACT

An apparatus and method for using a mobile computer device for graphically displaying and modifying information in a manner to enhance comprehension of the information and allowing for the mobile and decentralized management of information to be accomplished, wherein such information may be related to bed management and patient placement information and, furthermore, enabling the information of interest to be organized, sorted, and used in various useful and novel ways.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application Ser.No. 60/608,049 filed on Sep. 7, 2004, which is hereby incorporated byreference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to a hospital capacity workflowmanagement system, and more particularly to an apparatus and method fora mobile, decentralized approach to the efficient utilization of bedmanagement and patient placement information.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Nurses and other attending staff in a hospital ward or hospital wingwork under conditions involving high pressure, stress and long hours.These care givers must remain alert to respond to patient needs, in bothemergency and non-emergency situations. Due to economic practicalitiesand the ever-increasing costs of medical care, it is necessary to makethe most efficient use of nurses and staff on call in a hospital ward orhospital wing, particularly at night when nurse and staff levels aremaintained at a minimum. While technological and medical breakthroughshave led to amazing treatment advances over the past few decades, manyother factors have led to challenges in the delivery of healthcareservices. For example, the number of available hospital beds hasdrastically decreased during this same period as a result of the manyhospital closings and consolidations occurring across the county.Unfortunately, the reduction in beds comes at a time when demand forthem is increasing. The increase in demand stems from the rising needfor healthcare services as a result of factors like population growthand the aging “baby boomer” demographic. These and other factors havemeant that it is becoming increasingly difficult for hospitals to meetthe demands placed upon, which is often most apparent in the backlogsthat can be easily observed in almost every Emergency Departmentthroughout the nation. Compounding the physical capacity issues arehuman capacity and process or workflow components as well. The shortageof clinical personnel, such as nurses and technologists, also impactsthe ability of hospitals to deliver care in an efficient manner. Sadly,the current processes of handling bed management and patient placementin many hospitals today, leads to delays, lag time and bottlenecks inpatient flow. Thus, there is presently a clear need for a more efficientprocess.

The desire, however, to optimize hospital efficiency is of secondaryimportance relative to the primary objective, that of providing a highlevel of medical care to patients. For example, if nurse and stafflevels are reduced for the sake of efficiency without any correspondingsimplification of duties and responsibilities, the level of patient carewill decrease. Therefore, it is desirable to maximize the efficiency ofnurses and staff on call in a hospital wing or hospital ward, but to doso in a manner which does not increase the work load or stress levels ofthese professional care givers nor decrease the level of patient care.Thus, it is of primary importance for hospitals to have the ability toaccess and manage information related to bed management and patientplacement, including the existing demand for patients waiting foravailable beds, managing the discharge and transportation of patients,managing room preparation and cleaning for new patients, and themanagement of the placement of their patients without causing increasedhardship and confusion to the hospital personnel.

One approach to maximizing the efficiency of nurses and other hospitalstaff involves providing information needed by these professionals in alocation remote from a patient room. For instance, U.S. Pat. No.5,699,038 to Ulrich et al. discloses a bed status information system ofhospital beds which provides remote instantaneous retrieval of uniqueidentification information about the bed and provides status informationrelated to the position of the bed, the configuration of the mattresssurface, the status of the safety systems on the bed, and the currentstate of various patient care systems integrated with the bed.Monitoring of patient information therefore does not require attendancewithin the room to locally view and interpret various types ofinformation. U.S. Pat. No. 5,867,821 to Ballantyne et al. discloses amethod and apparatus for electronically accessing and distributingpersonal health care information and services in hospitals and homes inwhich certain information, ranging from patient health recordinformation to patient and operating room monitoring information, isdistributed to a nursing station within a hospital.

Providing information to nurses and other hospital staff at acentralized remote location away from patient room creates certainproblems however. Among the problems is presenting information to themedical professionals in a way that assists them in effectivelymonitoring the information without increasing their level of stress,which may occur if they feel overwhelmed by the amount of informationprovided and time required to retrieve it. Moreover, simply providingaccess to information and even the ability to manage or modify theinformation at one particular location can be futile in a busy hospitalenvironment. This is due to the fact that many of the personsresponsible for patent flow are often themselves in a state of movementabout the hospital thereby preventing relevant information from beingacted upon by the personnel having a need for the information or whohave knowledge of updated information. A need for a solution to theaforementioned problems has therefore been recognized.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention, in accordance with at least one presentlypreferred embodiment, utilizes the capabilities of a mobile computerdevice (hereinafter “mobile device” or “device”) within a wirelessnetwork environment to graphically display selected information in amanner which conveys the information to nurses and other hospital staffin a form which aids in comprehension of the information and allows forthe remote, mobile, and decentralized approach to bed and patientplacement information management to be accomplished. The decentralizedapproach, therefore, delegates the assigning of beds to either a mobilepatient placement nurse/coordinator or patient accessmanagement/administrative personnel. Since, these personnel are rarelystationary so as to allow them to benefit from an immobile workstationthe present invention is of particular beneficial use.

Specifically, information is preferably conveyed via a wireless networkconnection to a mobile computer device providing a graphical matrixdisplay of various information related broadly to hospital bedmanagement and patient placement, such information providing a timelyreflection as to actual physical criteria within a hospital. A pluralityof graphical matrices each containing information related broadly to bedmanagement and patient placement can be maintained within a mobiledevice and displayed through a plurality of screens accessible to a userby selecting representative icons from a menu capable of being displayedon a mobile device. Additional information may be displayed by selectingan icon within the matrix. Through the use of various menus available tothe user of a mobile device the information related broadly to bedmanagement and patient placement can be manipulated in various ways soas to allow for, inter alia, the reorganizing and sorting ofinformation, as well as updating information to reflect actual changesoccurring within the hospital itself.

Consequently, the present invention broadly contemplates a method andapparatus whereby hospital bed management information and patientplacement information is modified, managed, and visually displayed to atleast one mobile device user, thereby aiding nurses and other hospitalplacement staff in efficiently using such information.

In one aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for modifyingand graphically displaying bed management and patient placementinformation, the apparatus comprising: a display; an arrangement forproducing a plurality of cells for being viewed on the display, thecells having a plurality of modifiable attributes; and a controllerwhich modifies at least one of the attributes of at least one of thecells to convey information.

In another aspect the present invention provides an apparatus formodifying and graphically displaying bed management and patientplacement information, the apparatus comprising: a display, anarrangement for producing a plurality of cells for being viewed on thedisplay, the cells having a plurality of modifiable attributes, and acontroller which modifies at least one of the attributes of at least oneof the cells to convey information related to bed management and patientplacement.

In another aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus formodifying and graphically displaying bed management and patientplacement information, the apparatus comprising: a display and anarrangement for producing a plurality of icons for being viewed on thedisplay, the icons conveying information related to bed management andpatient placement.

In another aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus formodifying and graphically displaying bed management and patientplacement information, the apparatus comprising: a display, anarrangement for producing a plurality of icons for being viewed on thedisplay, the icons having a plurality of modifiable attributes, and acontroller which modifies at least one of the attributes of at least oneicon to convey information related to bed management and patientplacement.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of modifyingand graphically displaying bed management and patient placementinformation, the method comprising the steps of: displaying a pluralityof cells, the cells having a plurality of modifiable attributes; andwherein at least one of the attributes of at least one of the cells ismodified to convey information related to bed management and patientplacement.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of modifyingand graphically displaying bed management and patient placementinformation, the method comprising the steps of: displaying informationrelated to at least one hospital patient, displaying at least one iconwithin said display of information related to at least one hospitalpatient, each icon corresponding to a plurality of modifiableattributes, and modifying the attributes of the icon to conveyinformation about the patient.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of modifyingand graphically displaying bed management and patient placementinformation, the method comprising the steps of: displaying informationrelated to at least one hospital bed, displaying at least one iconwithin said information related to at least one hospital bed, each iconcorresponding to a plurality of modifiable attributes, and modifying theattributes of the icon to convey information about the hospital bed.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of modifyingand graphically displaying bed management and patient placementinformation, the method comprising the steps of: displaying a pluralityof icons, displaying information related to at least one hospitalpatient, displaying at least one icon within said display of informationrelated to at least one hospital patient, each icon corresponding to aplurality of modifiable attributes, modifying the attributes of the iconto convey information about the patient, displaying information relatedto at least one hospital bed, displaying at least one icon within saidinformation related to at least one hospital bed, each iconcorresponding to a plurality of modifiable attributes, and modifying theattributes of the icon to convey information about the hospital bed.

In an additional aspect, the present invention provides a programstorage device readable by machine, tangibly embodying a program ofinstructions executable by the machine to perform method steps for thevisual presentation and user modification of information related to bedmanagement and patient placement information, the method comprising thesteps of: displaying a matrix; displaying a plurality of cells withinsaid matrix; displaying a plurality of icons within said plurality ofcells; displaying at least one bed icon corresponding to informationrelated to at least one hospital bed and having modifiable attributes;modifying the attributes of said bed icon to convey information aboutthe hospital bed; displaying at least one patient icon corresponding toinformation related patient placement and having modifiable attributes;and modifying the attributes of said patient icon to convey informationabout said patient placement.

In an additional aspect, the present invention provides a programstorage device readable by machine, tangibly embodying a program ofinstructions executable by the machine to perform method steps for thevisual presentation and user modification of information about the bedmanagement and patient placement information, the method comprising thesteps of: displaying a matrix, displaying at least one cell within thematrix, each cell corresponding to information related to at least onemodifiable attribute, and having a plurality of modifiable attributes,and modifying the attributes of the cell to convey information.

In an additional aspect, the present invention provides a programstorage device readable by machine, tangibly embodying a program ofinstructions executable by the machine to perform method steps for thevisual presentation and user modification of information about the bedmanagement and patient placement information, the method comprising thesteps of: displaying a matrix, displaying a plurality of cells withinthe matrix, at least one bed cell corresponding to information relatedto at least one hospital bed and having modifiable attributes, andmodifying the attributes of said bed cell to convey information aboutthe hospital bed; at least one patient cell within the matrixcorresponding to information related to patient placement and havingmodifiable attributes, and modifying the attributes of said patient cellto convey information about said patient placement.

For a better understanding of the present invention, together with otherand further features and advantages thereof, reference is made to thefollowing description, taken in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings, and the scope of the invention will be pointed out in theappended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a graphical depiction of a mobile computer device inaccord with the at least one embodiment of the present invention and thegeneral features of the mobile device's display screen;

FIG. 2 illustrates a graphical “Start-Up Icon” in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2a illustrates a graphical depiction of a “Login Screen” display inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention

FIG. 3a illustrates a graphical depiction of the first page of a“Requests Screen” display in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 3b illustrates a graphical depiction of the second page of a“Requests Screen” display in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 4a illustrates a graphical depiction of a sorting options window ina “Requests Screen” display of a mobile device in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4b illustrates a graphical depiction of a patient units selectiondisplay of a mobile device in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 5 illustrates a graphical depiction of a “Edit Custom Units”drop-down menu window display of a mobile device in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6a illustrates a graphical depiction of a “Custom Unit Screen”display of a mobile device in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 6b illustrates a graphical depiction of a Custom Unit Screen selecticon drop-down menu display of a mobile device in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6c illustrates a graphical depiction of a “Custom Unit Screen”add/remove display of a mobile device in accordance with an embodimentof the present invention;

FIG. 7a illustrates a graphical depiction of a “Request Edit Screen”display of a mobile device in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 7b illustrates a graphical depiction of a Request Edit Screen UnitIcon drop-down menu display of a mobile device in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7c illustrates a graphical depiction of a Bed Identification NumberMenu display of a mobile device in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 7d illustrates a graphical depiction of an “Assignment ConfirmationWindow” display of a mobile device in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 8a illustrates a graphical depiction of the first page of an “AllPreAdmits Screen” display of a mobile device in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8b illustrates a graphical depiction of the second page of an “AllPreAdmits Screen” display of a mobile device in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9a illustrates a graphical depiction of a sorting options window inan “All PreAdmits Screen” display of a mobile device in accordance withan embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9b illustrates a graphical depiction of a dropdown Patient Unitsselection window in an “All PreAdmits Screen” display of a mobile devicein accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 illustrates a graphical depiction of a change-to-request windowdisplay of a mobile device in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 11a illustrates a graphical depiction of the first page of an“Assigned Screen” window display of a mobile device in accordance withan embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11b illustrates a graphical depiction of the second page of an“Assigned Screen” window display of a mobile device in accordance withan embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12a illustrates a graphical depiction of a sorting options windowin an “Assigned Screen” display of a mobile device in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12b illustrates a graphical depiction of a dropdown Patient Unitsselection window in an “Assigned Screen” display of a mobile device inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13a illustrates a graphical depiction of a “Pending DischargesScreen” display of a mobile device in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 13b illustrates a graphical depiction of a sorting options windowin an “Pending Discharges Screen” display of a mobile device inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13c illustrates a graphical depiction of a dropdown Patient Unitsselection display of a mobile device in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 14a illustrates a graphical depiction of a “Pending TransfersScreen” display of a mobile device in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 14b illustrates a graphical depiction of a sorting options windowin an “Pending Transfers Screen” display of a mobile device inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 14c illustrates a graphical depiction of a dropdown Patient Unitsselection display of a mobile device in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 15a illustrates a graphical depiction of a dropdown “Goto”selection display of a mobile device in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 15b illustrates a graphical depiction of a “Bedboard Screen” windowdisplay of a mobile device in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 16 illustrates a graphical depiction of a “Bedboard Edit Screen”window display of a mobile device in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 17 illustrates a graphical depiction of a “Bed Flag” “CommentsPop-up Window” of a mobile device in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 18a illustrates a graphical depiction of an Electronic BedboardSorting Options Screen display of a mobile device in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 19 illustrates a graphical depiction of an Electronic BedboardSorting Options Screen “Show Icon” pop-up window display of a mobiledevice in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 19a illustrates a graphical depiction of a dropdown Patient Unitsselection display of a mobile device in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 20 illustrates a graphical depiction of a “Summary Bedboard Screen”display of a mobile device in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 21 illustrates a graphical depiction of a sorting options window inan “Summary Bedboard Screen” display of a mobile device in accordancewith an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 22 illustrates a graphical depiction of a dropdown “Patient Units”selection display of a mobile device in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 23a illustrates a graphical depiction of a “Login Screen” displayof a mobile device in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 23b illustrates a graphical depiction of a “Network Setting Screen”display of a mobile device in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 24a illustrates a graphical depiction of a Server List Screenwindow display of a mobile device in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present invention; and

FIG. 24b illustrates a graphical depiction of a “Limited WirelessNetwork Screen” display of a mobile device in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

While the Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments describe theimplementation of the invention on a device running the Palm OperatingSystem (OS), e.g. a Palm Pilot, it should be understood that the presentinvention may be implemented on any suitable mobile device, includingthose devices operating WindowsCE and Pocket PC. Therefore, it should beunderstood the present embodiment may provide for display nomenclature,including icon names, that may differ between various devices. Forexample a Save Icon on one device may be a Done Icon on another device.By way of further example, a pull-up menu in one device could beimplemented using a pull-down menu in another device. Likewise, a user'snavigational flow for performing desired functions on one device mayvary as compared to the navigational flow used on another device incarrying out the same functions. It should be further understood thatthe mobile device of the present invention is one having a controllerallowing a user to interact and control the device, as well as inputinformation into the device, which may take various forms.

As shown in FIG. 1, the general features of at least one preferredembodiment are provided, in which a Data Area 100 is displayed having amatrix forming cells containing various informational icons related topatient information. The Screen Title Menu 110 displays informationregarding which screen is currently being displayed by the application,as well as providing a method for bringing up the various menusdisplayable for that screen. When a user selects any of the optionsdisplayed at the Screen Title Menu 110, drop-down menus are caused to bedisplayed through which a user can navigate to and from differentscreens. A Sort/Navigate function 120 allows for the sorting of currentdata and/or navigating within the application. A Bottom Screen Menu 130includes functions available for the data displayed, e.g., sort inascending/descending order, Refresh, Goto page 2, etc. . . . In thepresent embodiment, a scroll bar 140 allows a user to scroll thedisplayed information up or down. Various screens providing a user withnumerous functions are capable of display upon a mobile device; thescreens and corresponding functions associated with at least onepresently preferred embodiment will now be addressed.

As shown in FIG. 2, at the mobile device's main screen a user willselect a Start-Up Icon 150, thus, activating a Log-In Screen 160requiring entry of user associated information before access is providedto the user. As shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b , the Requests Screen 390 isdisplayed. In the present preferred embodiment, the Requests Screen 390consists of 8 columns displayed on two pages. A user can move betweenthe two pages by selecting the Select Page Icon 300 displayed in theBottom Screen Menu 130. A matrix having at least one graphicallydisplayed icon provides information related to bed management and/orpatient placement. To provide an example of the scope of the informationwhich is displayed at the Request Screen 390, the informational columnsof the Requests Screen 390 will be generally discussed, but firstexamples of the types of icons contained within the matrix's cells aregiven. The icon at reference numeral 310 depicts the time at which aparticular request was made; the icon at reference numeral 320 depictsthe department from which a particular request was made; the icon atreference numeral 330 depicts a patient's age; the icon at referencenumeral 340 depicts a physician's name; the icon at reference numeral350 depicts a notification that comments have been added to a particularpatient's data and are accessible via selection of the icon; the icon atreference numeral 360 depicts a patient's abbreviated name; the icon atreference numeral 370 depicts an abbreviated version of a patient'sdiagnosis; and the icon at reference numeral 380 depicts a particularpatient unit. Having discussed some of the types of icons capable ofdisplay within the matrix's cells, the information associated with thecolumns of the matrix will be discussed relating to at least onepreferred embodiment of the invention.

As shown in FIG. 3a , the first page of the Requests Screen 390 contains5 columns of information and, as shown in FIG. 3b , the second page ofthe Requests Screen contains 3 columns of information. For purposes ofillustration, these columns are referenced, from left to right, asc1-c8. The first column, c1, contains information related to the RequestTime, i.e., the time at which patients enter into the hospital'sAdmit-Discharge-Transfer (ADT) system or the time of a bed request. Thesecond column, c2, provides information as to the Requester Department,i.e. the department of the hospital for which a bed request is made. Thethird column, c3, provides information of patients' ages. The fourthcolumn, c4, provides information of patients' physician's names, whichin the preferred embodiment are the admitting physician names ordepartment names, unless attending physician names is selected via anOptions Screen. The fifth column, c5, provides information related topatients' bed assignment statuses; the sixth column, c6, containsinformation of the patients' abbreviated names. The seventh column, c7,contains information of patients' abbreviated diagnoses. The eighthcolumn, c8, contains information of patients' patient units. Beforedescribing the other screens capable of being displayed upon the mobiledevice, some of the capabilities provided to the user related to theRequests Screen 390 of the present preferred embodiment will bediscussed.

From the Requests Screen 390 the user can perform a variety of usefulfunctions including: sorting information options; viewing additionalinformation related to one or more patient units; viewing additionalinformation related to user customized patient units; and assigningpatient beds. The manner by which each of these functions isaccomplished in the preferred embodiment will now be discussed in moredetail. As shown in FIG. 4a , patient data represented at the RequestsScreen 390 can be sorted in several user-selectable ways. By way ofexample, a user engaging the ResTime Tab 410 located in the middle ofthe Requests Screen Toolbar 420 will be provided a drop-down menucontaining various sorting options for the user to choose from; which,in the present embodiment, include data sorted by Request Time;Requesting Department; Patient Age; Patient Gender; Patient Name;Physician; and Patient Unit.

As shown in FIG. 4b , users can also select to view information relatedto one or more specific patient units. By way of example, by selectingthe All Tab 430 on the Requests Screen Toolbar 420 a drop-down menu fromwhich the user can select a particular patient unit is displayed. Inthis example, the drop-down menu contains several specific patientunits, as well as three customized patient unit groups from which theuser can select. As shown in FIG. 5, customized patient units can beconfigured and edited by a user simply by selecting the ScreenIdentification Tab which, in this example, is also the Requests Tab 440.Selecting the Screen Identification Tab causes a Goto Drop-down Menu 510to be displayed from which a user can navigate to any of the screensavailable for display upon the mobile device. In this instance, forexample, while at the Requests Screen 390, upon selection of theRequests Screen Tab 440 a drop-down menu as shown in FIG. 5 isdisplayed, from which the user can select Edit Custom Units 520 uponwhich the Custom Unit Screen 600 is displayed as shown in FIG. 6a . Theuser's selection of the Select Icon 610 initiates a Custom UnitDrop-down Menu 620, thus, displaying the custom units available as shownin FIG. 6b . After selecting a particular custom unit, an Edit Icon 630can be used to access a display of all the patient units that can beadded to the particular custom unit selected using the Add Icon 640, asshown in FIG. 6c . Once added to the particular custom unit, a selectedunit can be removed using the Remove Icon 650. Once satisfied, the userfinishes the process using the Done Tab 660, thereby saving thecustomized unit created by the user. The general procedure forconfiguring and editing customized patient units is virtually identicalfor every screen of the mobile device in the present embodiment. Itshould, therefore, be noted that when this capability is referred to inrelation to the other screens of the device, below, the detailedexplanation above is applicable and is not cumulatively set forth.

It should also be observed that in the presently preferred embodimentshortcuts are available to the user for movement between various screensand functions, as shown by the shortcut icons in FIG. 5 for each of thedevice's screens. For example, tapping the device's stroke key followedby the letter “R” will cause the Requests Screen 390 to be displayed.(Note: other devices may not have shortcut capabilities, e.g. PocketPC).

One of the many important functions of the presently embodied inventionis the mobile device's capability to provide the user with the abilityto assign patients beds from the device while moving about the hospital,thus, enabling efficient decentralized bed management and patientplacement capabilities. By way of example, a user can focus upon theinformation contained in any of the first four columns related to apatient of interest thereby generating the display as shown in FIG. 7a .By selecting the Unit Icon 710 the user can focus data by selecting aparticular patient unit from the Patient Units Menu 720. Upon selectinga particular patient unit from the Patient Units Menu 720, in thisexample 2D REHAB is selected, the user can focus the data by selectingthe Bed Number Icon 730, which then provides a Bed Identification NumberMenu 740, as shown in FIG. 7c , from which the user can select aparticular bed of interest. In this embodiment the menu displayed uponselection of the Bed Number Icon 730 also provides the user with bedstatus information represented by the Bed Status Icons 750. After a bedis selected by the user an assignment confirmation window 760 isdisplayed wherein a user is provided the ability to assign the selectedbed via the Assign Patient Icon 770. The user could also cancel theassignment using the Cancel Icon 780. Upon assignment the information isupdated and stored by the mobile device. At particular intervals, asdiscussed below, a mobile device will transmit updated information tothe network, thus, providing updated information to any devicesaccessing the network. In this embodiment the mobile device's connectionis to a wireless network connectable to a plurality of other mobiledevices having at least one wireless server capable of storing andtransmitting the updated information received to and from any of aplurality of devices connected to the network. A wireless network, aswell as various versions thereof, is well known in the art such that nofurther explanation need be presented at this time. Upon assignment allusers of the system will have essentially instantaneous access to thecurrent bed management and patient placement information, thus,increasing efficiency and avoiding needless over assignments.

Another screen available to the user via the mobile device's display inthe present preferred embodiment is the All PreAdmits Screen 800 asshown in FIG. 8. This display is similar to that of the Requests Screen390 discussed above. The All PreAdmits Screen 800 is a matrix displayincluding 9 columns displayed on two pages. A user can move between thetwo pages by selecting the Select Page Icon 810 displayed in the BottomScreen Menu 820. A matrix containing graphically displayed iconsprovides information to a user related to patients. To provide anexample of the scope of information which is displayed in the AllPreAdmits Screen 800 the columns included therein will be examined, butfirst examples of the types of icons contained within the matrix will bediscussed.

The icon at reference numeral 830 depicts a time at which a request wasmade; the icon at reference numeral 840 depicts the department fromwhich a request was made; the icon at reference numeral 850 depicts apatient's age; the icon at reference numeral 860 depicts a physician'sname; the icon at reference numeral 870 depicts a bed's assignmentinformation; the icon at reference numeral 880 depicts an abbreviatedform of a patient's name; the icon at reference numeral 890 depicts abed identification number; the icon at reference numeral 900 depicts abed's status; and the icon at reference 910 depicts an abbreviatedversion of a patient's diagnosis. Having discussed some types of iconscapable of display within the matrix in the preferred embodiment, theinformation associated with each of the columns will now be set forth.

As shown in FIG. 8a , “page 1” of the All PreAdmits Screen contains 5columns of information and, as shown in FIG. 8b , “page 2” of the AllPreAdmits Screen contains 4 columns of information. These columns arereferred to, from left to right, as c10-c19, respectfully. The firstcolumn, c10, contains information related to the Request Time; thesecond column, c1, provides information as to the Requester Department;the third column, c12, provides patients' ages; the fourth column, c13,provides patients' physician's names; the fifth column, c14, providesinformation of the bed assignment statuses; the sixth column, c15,contains information of patients' abbreviated names; the seventh column,c16, contains bed identification numbers; the eighth column, c17,contains information of beds' statuses, which can be in this preferredembodiment clean, dirty, occupied, in progress, or blocked; and theninth column, c18, contains abbreviated patients' diagnoses.

Before turning to the other screens capable of being displayed upon themobile device, some of the capabilities provided to the user related tothe All Preadmits Screen 800 of the present preferred embodiment will bediscussed. From the All Preadmits Screen 800 the user is provided avariety of useful functions including: sorting information options;viewing more information related to one or more patient units; viewingmore information related to user customized patient units; and theability to change assigned beds to bed requests. The manner in whicheach of these processes is accomplished will now be discussed in greaterdetail.

As shown in FIG. 9a , patient data presented at the All Preadmits Screen800 can be sorted in several user-selectable ways. By way of example, auser engaging the ResTime Tab 950 located in the middle of the AllPreAdmits Screen Title Menu 901 will be provided a drop down menucontaining various sorting selections for the user to choose from; inthe present embodiment these include sorting data by: Request Time;Requesting Department; Patient Age; Patient Gender; Patient Name;Physician; Patient Unit; and Bed Status.

As shown in FIG. 9b , users can also choose to view information for oneor more specific patient units. By way of example, a user can select theAll Tab 960 on All PreAdmits Screen Title Menu 901 which provides theuser with a drop-down menu from which the user can select a particularpatient unit. In this example, the drop-down menu contains severalspecific patient units, as well as three customized patient unit groupsfrom which the user can select. It should be noted, the procedure forconfiguring and editing customized patient units is identical in allscreens. As was indicated above a full explanation having already beengiven will not be repeated at this time.

Another one of the important functions of the presently embodiedinvention is the mobile device's ability to allow a user to change anassigned bed to a requested bed. This can be simply accomplished byselecting any of the fields for the particular patient of interest fromthe All Preadmits Screen 800, thereby causing the display of theAssigned Edit Screen as is set forth in FIG. 10. The user can thenchange the assigned bed to a requested bed by selecting the Change toRequest Icon 1010. A user can add their own comments via the CommentsIcon 1015 displayed on the Assigned Edit Screen 1000 as well.

The next screen of particular interest in the preferred embodiment ofthe present invention is the Assigned Screen 1100 as shown in FIG. 11.In the present preferred embodiment, the Assigned Screen 1100 includes 9columns displayed on two pages. A user can move between the two pages byselecting the Select Page Icon 1200 displayed in the Assigned ScreenBottom Screen Menu 1300. A matrix containing graphically displayed iconsprovides information to a user related to patients. To provide anexample of the scope of information which is contained in the AssignedScreen 1100, the columns contained therein as shown in FIG. 11 will bediscussed, but first examples of the types of icons contained within thematrix will be mentioned. The icon at reference numeral 1110 depicts apatient's name; the icon at reference numeral 1120 depicts theassignment time; the icon at reference numeral 1130 depicts a bedidentification number; the icon at reference numeral 1140 depicts abed's status; the icon at reference numeral 1150 depicts the occupiedtime, i.e., the time that elapses between a patient being assigned a bedand physically occupying it; the icon at reference numeral 1160 depictsthe requesters department; the icon at reference numeral 1170 depictsthe patient's age; the icon at reference numeral 1180 depicts theadmitting physician or department; and the icon at reference numeral1190 depicts an abbreviated version of a patient's diagnosis.

As shown in FIGS. 11a and 11b , “page 1” of the Assigned Screen 1100contains 5 columns of information, while “page 2” of the Assigned Screen1100 contains 4 columns of information. For purposes of illustration,these columns have been numbered, from left to right, c21-c29,respectfully. The first column, c21, contains patients' names; thesecond column, c22, provides information as to Assignment Time, which isthe first time a request and bed assignment are received; the thirdcolumn, c23, provides Identification Numbers assigned to a particularbeds. The fourth column, c24, provides information as to beds' statuses,which include: clean, dirty, occupied, in progress, and blocked; thefifth column, c25, provides information on beds' occupied times, whichis the time that elapsed between a patient's bed assignment and thephysically occupation of the bed; the sixth column, c26, providesinformation as to the department making a request; the seventh column,c27, contains information as to patients' ages; the eighth column, c28,contains information of the admitting physicians or departments; theninth column, c29, provides information of patients' abbreviateddiagnoses.

From the Assigned Screen 1100 the user has a variety of useful functionsthat can be preformed including: sorting information options; viewingmore information related to one or more patient units; and viewing moreinformation related to user customized patient units. By way of example,as shown in FIG. 12, patient data represented at the Assigned Screen1100 can be sorted in several user-selectable ways. A user engaging theName Tab 1210 located in the middle of the Assigned Screen Toolbar 1220will be provided a drop-down menu containing various sorting selectionsfor the user to choose from; which in the present embodiment includedata sorted by Requesting Department; Patient Age; Patient Gender;Patient Name; Physician; and Bed Identification Number.

As shown in FIG. 12b , users can also choose to view information for oneor more specific patient units. By way of example, a user can select theAll Tab 1230 on the Assigned Screen Toolbar 1220 which provides the userwith a drop-down menu 1240 from which the user can select a particularpatient unit. In this example, the drop-down menu 1240 contains severalspecific patient units, as well as three customized patient unit groupsfrom which the user can select.

As shown in FIG. 13a , the Pending Discharges Screen 1300 contains 5columns of information. For purposes of illustration, these columns havebeen numbered, from left to right, c31-c34, respectfully. The firstcolumn, c31, contains the patients' names; the second column, c32,provides information as to bed identification numbers; the third column,c33, provides information as to the patient units from which patientsare being transferred; the fourth column, c34, provides patients' ages;and the fifth column, c35, provides information as to the admittingphysicians, attending physicians or departments. From the PendingDischarges Screen 1300 the user has a variety of useful functions thatcan be preformed including: sorting information options; viewing moreinformation related to one or more patient units; and viewing moreinformation related to user customized patient units. As shown in FIG.13b , patient data represented at the Pending Discharges Screen 1300 canbe sorted in several user-selectable ways. By way of example, a userengaging the Name Tab 1310 located in the middle of the PendingDischarges Screen Toolbar 1320 will be provided a drop down menu 1330containing various sorting selections for the user to choose from, whichin the present embodiment includes data sorted by Patient Age; PatientGender; Patient Name; Physician; Bed Identification Number; and PatientUnit.

As shown in FIG. 13c , users can also choose to view information for oneor more specific patient units. By way of example, a user can select theAll Tab 1340 on the Pending Discharges Screen Toolbar 1320 whichprovides the user with a drop-down menu 1350 from which the user canselect a particular patient unit. In this example, the drop-down menu1350 contains several specific patient units, as well as threecustomized patient unit groups from which the user can select.

As shown in FIG. 14a the Pending Transfers Screen 1400 contains 4columns of information. For purposes of illustration, these columns havebeen numbered, from left to right, c41-c44. The first column, at c41,contains patients names; the second column, c42, provides information asto bed identification numbers; the third column, c43, providesinformation as to the patient units from which patients are beingtransferred; and the fourth column, c44, provides information as topatients' abbreviated diagnoses.

From the Pending Transfers Screen 1400 the user has a variety of usefulfunctions that can be preformed including: sorting information options;viewing more information related to one or more patient units; andviewing more information related to user customized patient units. Asshown in FIG. 14b , patient data represented at the Pending TransfersScreen 1400 can be sorted in several user-selectable ways. By way ofexample, a user engaging the Name Tab 1410 located in the middle of thePending Transfers Screen Toolbar 1420 will be provided a drop down menu1430 containing various sorting selections for the user to choose from,which in the present embodiment include data sorted by Patient Age;Patient Gender; Patient Name; Physician; Bed Identification Number; andPatient Unit.

As shown in FIG. 14c , users can also choose to view information for oneor more specific patient units. By way of example, a user can select theAll Tab 1440 on the Pending Transfers Screen Toolbar 1420 which providesthe user with a drop-down menu 1450 from which the user can select aparticular patient unit. In this example, the drop-down menu containsseveral specific patient units, as well as three customized patient unitgroups from which the user can select.

The apparatus and method of the present embodiment also containsinformation of key considerations for every bed control or admittingdepartment of a hospital related to hospital room information. Byselecting the Screen Title Menu 110 of any of the mobile device'sscreens a drop down menu display is initiated, as shown in FIG. 15,wherein the Bedboard Screen 1510 can be selected by a user. The BedboardScreen 1510 is displayed in the form of a matrix of information, whereinindividual cells contain informational icons. In the present example,shown in FIG. 15b , the Bedboard Screen 1510 contains 6 columns ofinformation. The first three columns and the last three columns containthe same types of information. For purposes of illustration, thesecolumns have been numbered c51-c56. The first column, c51, containspatients' bed identification numbers; the second column, c52, providesinformation as to the status of patents' beds; the third column, c53,provides information as to the pre-admit statuses of patients, presentlythe preferred pre-admit status indicators are: assigned, pendingdischarge, pending transfer or confirmed discharge. Assigned indicatesthe bed has been reserved for a specific patient. Pending Dischargeindicates the bed will be empty soon, as the patient is supposed to begoing home. Pending Transfer indicates the bed will be empty soon as thepatient is supposed to be placed in another bed in the hospital.Confirmed Discharge indicates the bed will be empty soon, and thepatient will be leaving the hospital for sure. The forth column, c54,like the first column, c51, provides patients' bed identificationnumbers. In this way, the Bedboard Screen is split into two screens suchthat twice the information is displayed as would be the case were onlythe first three columns of information shown. The fifth column, c55,therefore, provides information as to the statuses of patents' beds; andthe sixth column, c56, provides information as to of the pre-admitstatuses of patients. The icons referenced at numeral 1520 represents aparticular bed's number. The icon referenced at numeral 1530 representsa particular bed's status, which as mentioned earlier can be for exampleclean, dirty, occupied, in progress, and blocked. The icon referenced atnumeral 1540 represents a patient's pre-admit status.

By selecting any of the fields associated with a particular bedidentification, a detailed view is caused to be displayed, as shown inFIG. 16. A user may modify particular fields including: projecteddischarge date, projected time, patient status changes, bed status, andbed flag comments. A Bed Flag Icon 1610 can be displayed allowing forpersonalized comments to be associated with a particular patient. Forexample in the present embodiment by selecting the Bed Flag Icon 1610 aComments Pop-up Window 1700, as show in FIG. 17, is displayed allowingthe user to add personalized comments to the system.

As was the case with the other mobile device screens available, a userfrom the Bedboard Screen 1510 has a variety of useful functions that canbe preformed including: sorting information options; viewing moreinformation related to one or more patient units; viewing moreinformation related to user customized patient units; and viewingsummarized information related to the Bedboard Screen functions. Themanner in which each of these processes is accomplished will now bediscussed in more detail.

By way of example, a user engaging the Middle Tab 1550 located on theBedboard Screen Toolbar 1560 will be provided a drop down menu 1800, asshow in FIG. 18a , which contains sorting selections for the user tochoose from, including bed identification numbers and the bed statusinformation. Users can also choose whether to display one or more of thefollowing options non-pending discharges; future discharges; and holdingbeds. These options are accessed via the Show Icon 1810, which initiatesa pop-up window, as shown in FIG. 19, allowing the user to simply selector deselect the options desired.

As shown in FIG. 19a , users can also choose to view information for oneor more specific patient units. By way of example, a user can select theAll Tab 1900 on the Bedboard Screen Toolbar, which provides the userwith a drop-down menu from which the user can select a particularpatient unit. In this example, the drop-down menu contains severalspecific patient units, as well as three customized patient unit groupsfrom which the user can select.

As shown in FIG. 20, users can also use the device's Summary BedboardFunctions, which enables information to be displayed to the user asshown in the Summary Bedboard Screen 2000. In the preferred embodimentthe information is displayed in a matrix form having at least one iconwith the matrix. The Summary Bedboard Screen 2000 includes 8 columnsreferenced, from left to right, as c81-c88, respectfully. Theinformation contained in the columns per the preferred embodimentinclude: the number of physical beds (B), the number of staffed beds(S), the number of requested beds (R), the number of assigned beds (A),the number of pending beds (P), the number of available beds (V), andPatient Census (C).

As was the case with the other screens available to the user of themobile device, from the Summary Bedboard Screen 2000 the user has avariety of useful functions that can be preformed including: sortinginformation options; viewing more information related to one or morepatient units; and viewing more information related to user customizedpatient units. By way of example, a user engaging the Middle Tab 2100located on the Summary Bedboard Screen Toolbar 2010 will be provided adrop down menu, as show in FIG. 21, which contains sorting selectionsfor the user to choose from, including: patient unit, physical beds,staffed beds, bed requests, assigned beds, pending transfers, availablebeds, and patient census.

As shown in FIG. 22, users can also choose to view information for oneor more specific patient units. By way of example, a user can select theAll Tab 2020 on the Summary Bedboard Screen Toolbar 2010, which providesthe user with a drop-down menu 2200 from which the user can select aparticular patient unit. In this example, the drop-down menu containsseveral specific patient units, as well as three customized patient unitgroups from which the user can select.

As indicated before, the preferred embodiment of the present inventionis best performed in a wireless network environment. The process ofestablishing such a connection is easily performed via a Login Screen160 as shown in FIG. 23a . By selecting the Go Icon 2310 a user will beable to enter the webservice address of the wireless network provider towhich the user desires to be connected. By selecting the Next Icon 2320a Server List Screen 2400, as shown in FIG. 24a , will open and allow auser to choose from the available servers to which a connection can beestablished. After said selection is highlighted, a user will thenselect another Next Icon 2410, thereby, opening a final Limited WirelessNetwork Screen 2420 as shown in FIG. 24b . If the mobile device is beingoperated in a wireless network environment the user may finish by simplyselecting the Done Icon 2430. However, if the mobile device is beingused in a limited wireless network environment, the Limited WirelessNetwork Option 2440 can be selected by the user. By selecting theLimited Wireless Network Option 2440, the mobile device will refreshscreens less frequently, but still enable the user to read the dataalready stored within the mobile device. The presently describedpreferred embodiment of the invention is also capable of operation insituations where network wireless access may become unavailable. Itshould be understood that in such a situation the device is capable ofoperation using a snapshot of both the Bedboard Screen as well a thePreAdmit Screen; therefore, the device is capable of a one time downloadand use.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention a fully capable wirelessnetwork environment exists, as is well known in the art, in whichcommunication is enabled among a plurality of mobile devices via atleast one wireless network server. In the present invention a mobiledevice will intermittently connect with the network server such thatboth are updated to reflect the most current information, thus,prolonging the battery life of the mobile device. It should also beunderstood that the update (or refresh) may be initiated by a user or beautomated. While an automated update may occur at pre-determined timeintervals, it is presently preferred that an automated update beinitiated when certain user actions occur. For example, when more thanone page of data is displayed in a screen, and a user views the secondscreen of data, it is presently preferred that an update be initiatedwhen the user returns to view the first page of data. Any user actionmay be used to initiate an update, however, it is preferred that theselected user actions be those user actions which occur frequently.

Another aspect of the presently preferred embodiment is the use ofdifferent cell color displays to provide further information to the userof the mobile device. While many possible color schemes can be used, thepreferred apparatus and method use different colored matrix cells toquickly relate information to the user as follows. Patient gender isdisplayed by coloring the Patient Age Cells and Patient Name Cellseither pink for females or blue for males. Bed Status Cells havinginformation as to bed statuses are colored to additionally relate thecurrent status of a bed. In the present embodiment the following cellcolor associations are used: clean with green; dirty with brown;occupied with orange, in progress with yellow, and blocked with black.These same cell colors are also displayed as the highlight color withwhich a Bed Identification Number Cell or Icon is highlighted whenselected by a user. Assignment Time Cell colors are also varied torepresent different total elapsed times between receiving a request andassigning a bed. It should be understood that numerous othercombinations of colors could be used and are contemplated by the presentinvention.

In recapitulation, the present invention, in accordance with at leastone presently preferred embodiment, provides a manner of using a mobilecomputer device for graphically displaying and modifying information ina manner to enhance comprehension of the information and allowing amobile and decentralized management of information to be accomplished.As such, it is to be understood that the present invention, inaccordance with at least one presently preferred embodiment, may beutilized in environments other than hospitals, such as hotels, dorms, orany other situation where information about rooms and persons is desiredto be graphically displayed and modified.

It is to be understood that the present invention, in accordance with atleast one presently preferred embodiment, includes a display and anarrangement for producing an icon for being viewed on the display, theicon conveying information, said information consisting of bedmanagement and patient placement information. These may be implementedon at least one general-purpose computer running suitable softwareprograms. These may also be implemented on at least one IntegratedCircuit or part of at least one Integrated Circuit. Thus, it is to beunderstood that the invention may be implemented in hardware, software,or a combination of both.

If not otherwise stated herein, it is to be assumed that all patents,patent applications, patent publications and other publicationsmentioned and cited herein are hereby fully incorporated by referenceherein as if set forth in their entirety herein.

Although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have beendescribed herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is tobe understood that the invention is not limited to those preciseembodiments, and that various other changes and modifications may beaffected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from thescope or spirit of the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus for modifying and graphicallydisplaying bed management and patient status information, the apparatuscomprising: a display; a data input/output device operatively coupled tothe display; the display displaying a plurality of data cells, theplurality of data cells having a plurality of user modifiable attributesrelating to hospital bed management information, including hospital bedoccupancy obtained from a network connected system; said apparatusorganizing the plurality of data cells in the display into a matrixformat with a plurality of columns and a plurality of rows; saidplurality of data cells comprising: a bed identification cell and a bedstatus cell; said matrix format being displayed in a bedboard screen,whereby user interaction with any of the plurality of data cellsinitiates display of a detailed view relating to hospital bed managementof a bed associated with a selected data cell, wherein said detailedview includes modification options for changing a projected dischargedate, a projected discharge time, a patient status, and a bed status;and a controller which varies a color of at least one of the pluralityof data cells over time to convey information related to progress ofpatient care.
 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein theplurality of data cells further comprise a plurality of icons, saidicons conveying said hospital bed management information and patientstatus information.
 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein saidicons are adapted to display secondary information.
 4. The apparatusaccording to claim 3, wherein the secondary information is displayedsolely to authorized users of the apparatus.
 5. The apparatus accordingto claim 4, wherein a user can input comments.
 6. The apparatusaccording to claim 1, wherein said plurality of cells are displayed indifferent colors to convey information related to hospital bedmanagement information and patient placement.
 7. The apparatus accordingto claim 1, wherein said data input/output device updates said hospitalbed management information in the network connected system via awireless network connection responsive to user input.
 8. The apparatusof claim 1, wherein the data input/output device comprises a mobilecomputer device.
 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controllerassigns patients beds from the data input/output device based on amodification to at least one user modifiable attribute.
 10. Theapparatus of claim 9, wherein, responsive to a user modifying the atleast one user modifiable attribute in the display of the datainput/output device, the modification of the at least one usermodifiable attribute is communicated to the network connected system,the network connected system storing and transmitting informationrelated to the plurality of data cells.
 11. A method of modifying andgraphically displaying bed management and patient status information,the method comprising the steps of: displaying a plurality of data cellson a display of a data input/output device, the plurality of data cellshaving a plurality of user modifiable attributes; said displayingcomprising organizing the plurality of data cells in the display into amatrix format with a plurality of columns and a plurality of rows; saidplurality of data cells comprising: a bed identification cell and a bedstatus cell; said matrix format being displayed in a bedboard screen,whereby user interaction with any of the plurality of data cellsinitiates display of a detailed view relating to hospital bed managementof a bed associated with a selected data cell, wherein said detailedview includes modification options for changing a projected dischargedate, a projected discharge time, a patient status, and a bed status;and varying, in the display, a color of at least one of the plurality ofdata cells over time to convey information related to progress ofpatient care.
 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein saidplurality of data cells are displayed in different colors to indicateinformation related to hospital bed management information and patientplacement.
 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein said pluralityof data cells further comprise a plurality of icons, said plurality oficons conveying information related to hospital bed managementinformation and patient placement.
 14. The method according to claim 13,wherein said plurality of icons have modifiable attributes and at leastone of the attributes of at least one of the plurality of icons ismodified to convey information related to hospital bed managementinformation and patient status information.
 15. The method of claim 14,further comprising the steps of: displaying at least one patient iconwithin said display of information related to at least one hospitalpatient, the at least one patient icon having a plurality of modifiableattributes; and modifying the attributes of the at least one patienticon to convey information about the patient.
 16. The method of claim15, further comprising the steps of: displaying at least one bed iconwithin said display of information related to at least one hospital bed,the at least one bed icon having a plurality of modifiable attributes;and modifying the attributes of the at least one bed icon to conveyinformation about the hospital bed.
 17. The method of claim 15, whereina user can input information, said input information being comments. 18.The method according to claim 11, wherein said data input/output deviceis capable of updating said hospital bed management information andpatient placement information via a wireless network connection.
 19. Aprogram storage device readable by machine, tangibly embodying a programof instructions executable by the machine to perform steps for visualpresentation and user modification of information related to bedmanagement and patient status information, the steps comprising:displaying a matrix on a data input/output device; displaying aplurality of data cells within said matrix; said matrix comprising aformat with a plurality of columns and a plurality of rows; saidplurality of data cells comprising: a bed identification cell and a bedstatus cell; the plurality of data cells having user modifiableattributes relating to hospital bed management information, includinghospital bed occupancy obtained from a network connected system; saidmatrix format being displayed in a bedboard screen, whereby userinteraction with any of the plurality of data cells initiates display ofa detailed view relating to hospital bed management of a bed associatedwith a selected data cell, wherein said detailed view includesmodification options for changing a projected discharge date, aprojected discharge time, a patient status, and a bed status; andvarying a color of at least one of the plurality of data cells on saidremote data input/output device over time to convey information relatedto progress of patient care.